Site-Selection Algorithms and Habitat Loss

نویسندگان

  • MAR CABEZA
  • ATTE MOILANEN
چکیده

Site-selection algorithms are used in reserve design to select networks of sites that maximize biodiversity, given some constraints. These algorithms are based on a snapshot of species occurrence, and they typically aim to minimize the area or cost needed to represent all the species once or a few times. Most of these algorithms ignore the question of how well species are likely to persist in the set of selected sites in the long term. Furthermore, the role of the unselected habitat in biodiversity persistence has received no attention in this context. We used a theoretical approach to evaluate the long-term performance of reserve networks in preserving biodiversity by using a model of spatiotemporal population dynamics (a metapopulation model). We compared extinction rates of species in reserve networks in two situations: when all sites remain suitable habitat for the species and, conversely, when the habitat in the unselected sites is lost. We made this comparison to explore the significance of unselected sites for spatial population dynamics and for the continued presence of species in the reserve network. Basic site-selection algorithms are liable to perform badly in terms of biodiversity maintenance because the persistence of species may be strongly dependent on sites not included in the reserve network. Our results support recent calls for the integration of spatial population modeling into reserve network design. Advances in metapopulation theory provide tools that can be used for this purpose. Algoritmos de Selección de Sitios y Pérdida de Hábitat Resumen: Los algoritmos de selección de areas son utilizados en el diseño de reservas para seleccionar redes de sitios que maximicen la biodiversidad considerando algunas restricciones. Estos algoritmos se basan en una patrón fijo de la ocurrencia de especies, y típicamente intentan minimizar el área o costo requerido para representar a todas las especies una o varias veces. La mayoría de estos algoritmos ignoran la pregunta de la persistencia a largo plazo de las especies en el conjunto de sitios seleccionados. Más aun, el papel del hábitat no seleccionado para la persistencia de biodiversidad en este contexto no ha recibido atención. Utilizamos una aproximación teórica para evaluar el desempeño de las redes de reservas en la preservación de la biodiversidad a largo plazo mediante un modelo de dinámica espaciotemporal de la población (un modelo metapoblacional). Comparamos las tasas de extinción de especies en las redes de reservas en dos situaciones: cuando todos los sitios son hábitat adecuado para las especies y, por el contrario, cuando se pierde el hábitat en los sitios no seleccionados. Hicimos esta comparación para explorar la significancia de sitios no seleccionados para la dinámica espacial de la población y para la persistencia de especies en la red de reservas. Los algoritmos básicos de selección de sitios son susceptibles de funcionar inadecuadamente en términos de mantenimiento de biodiversidad porque la persistencia de especies puede depender estrechamente de los sitios no incluidos en la red de reservas. Nuestros resultados sustentan a los llamados recientes para integrar modelos poblacionales espaciales al diseño de redes de reservas. Avances en la teoría de metapoblaciones proporcionan herramientas que se pueden utilizar para este propósito. * email [email protected] Paper submitted August 28, 2001; revised manuscript accepted January 28, 2003.

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تاریخ انتشار 2003